What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Causes, Symptoms & Treatments Options Abroad

Did you know that 1 in 36 children and 1 in 45 adults in the U.S. have autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? That’s a lot of people living with different ways of thinking and interacting! 

Autism affects how individuals interact and communicate, which can make social situations and daily life a bit challenging. 

In this blog, we’ll explain what autism is, explore its causes, and look at effective treatments. Let's start!

What is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A brain developmental disorder that affects how a person behaves, learns, communicates, or socializes is called autism spectrum disorder or simply “autism”.

This condition often develops in early childhood, before the age of 2. However, people may identify it at a later age as well. The term "spectrum" refers to the wide range of symptoms that individuals with ASD may show.

According to the DSM-5, individuals with autism may experience:

• Difficulty interacting and communicating with others
• Repetitive behaviors and limited interests
• Challenges in daily activities, like school or work

For instance, some people with autism may struggle with verbal communication or making eye contact. This is due to the different functioning of the brain compared to neurotypical ones. Because of this, individuals with autism are referred to as neurodivergent.

Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder

People with autism show a variety of symptoms. One person might have trouble speaking, while another might struggle with learning.

Everyone's symptoms are different, and they can range from mild to severe. In fact, no two children will have the exact same signs of autism.

Autism symptoms aren’t like those of other medical conditions. They’re more like traits that make people with autism different from neurotypical people.

Doctors usually group these symptoms into two main areas:

1. Social interaction and communication
2. Behavior patterns

Let’s take a closer look at these symptoms:

Social interaction and communication

Children and adults with autism often have trouble interacting and communicating with others. However, a 2-year-old interacts very differently from a teenager or an adult. So the signs of autism can change depending on age.

Here’s what to look for in toddlers and school-aged children:

• Limited or no eye contact.
• Rarely smiles in response to others.
• Doesn’t respond to their name when called.
• Shows little interest in games or interacting with peers.
• Difficulty forming friendships, often preferring to play alone.
• Trouble understanding basic gestures and facial expressions.
• Doesn’t grasp jokes, sarcasm, or figurative speech.
• Struggles to start or maintain conversations.
• Little interest in group activities.

Here’s what to watch for in adolescents and adults:

• Difficulty understanding social rules and unwritten norms.
• Often misunderstood due to literal interpretations of conversations.
• Struggles to interpret and express emotions, leading to awkward interactions.
• Challenges in building and maintaining friendships or relationships.
• Difficulty with workplace dynamics and casual interactions.
• Prefers isolation or routine activities over social events.
• Struggles to read social cues and subtle hints.
• May avoid social gatherings or need extra preparation to feel comfortable.

Behavior patterns

Just like interactions, behavior also differs by age. Here’s what to expect at different age levels:

Toddlers and school-aged children (1-12 years old)

• Engages in repetitive movements, like hand-flapping or rocking.
• Upset by changes in routine or order.
• Fixates on unusual objects, such as fans or lights.
• Over- or under-sensitive to sensory stimuli, like loud noises.
• Repeats words or phrases out of context (echolalia).
• Strong reliance on routines and become anxious about minor changes.
• Intense focus on specific interests, such as trains or animals.
• Overwhelmed in noisy environments, like playgrounds.
• Engages in self-soothing actions, like rocking or spinning.
• May not engage in pretend play.

Adolescents and adults (13 years and older)

• Repetitive speech patterns or frequent repetition of favorite phrases.
• Deep focus on niche interests, sometimes seen as obsessive.
• Continues to experience sensory sensitivities, using coping strategies like avoiding bright lights.
• Relies on rituals to manage anxiety or sensory overload.
• Uses structured routines for daily tasks, sometimes struggling with flexibility.

Strengths of people with autism

People with autism have a lot of strengths too. These abilities deserve recognition and appreciation.

• They often come up with creative ideas and solutions.
• Many can focus deeply on tasks, leading to impressive results.
• Their unique perspectives inspire fresh approaches to problems.
• Their memory skills help them remember details and facts well.
• Autistic people communicate honestly and directly.
• They find efficient ways to complete tasks quickly.
• They show strong dedication to their work.

Recognizing these strengths creates a more inclusive environment where autistic individuals can thrive.

What causes autism spectrum disorder?

There isn’t a single cause of autism. It’s actually a mix of genetic and environmental factors. These include:

Genetics

A family history of autism increases the chances of an individual having autism spectrum disorder. For instance, if a sibling has ASD, the chances of another child developing ASD are higher.

Additionally, certain genetic mutations are linked to an increased risk of ASD. Furthermore, genetic diseases like Fragile C syndrome and Rett syndrome are also related to higher risk of ASD.

Environmental factors

Besides genetics, several factors during pregnancy or birth can increase the risk of ASD. These include:

• Pregnancy after age 35
• Conceiving within a year of a previous pregnancy
• Viral infections or exposure to toxins during pregnancy
• Complications at birth, such as bleeding or low oxygen
• Certain medications during pregnancy, like valproate
• Premature birth or low birth weight

These factors might cause alterations in brain development, which may lead to ASD.

Is there an autism spectrum disorder test?

You might wonder, how autism is diagnosed. Well, there are no lab tests or specific markers for diagnosing ASD.

However, genetic tests can be done to look for variations linked to autism, though these aren't definitive diagnostic tools. They can help explain brain differences and guide support.

Since ASD presents in a wide range of ways, doctors look at both the autism spectrum disorder symptoms and the autism spectrum disorder levels to understand the level of support a person might need.

However, to get an accurate diagnosis, it's best to see a developmental pediatrician. They can use standardized assessments like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), which helps in confirming ASD.

At Quality Care Global (QCG), we connect you with specialists around the world. Contact us to ensure your loved one gets the care and support they deserve!

Treatment of autism spectrum disorder

Treatment for ASD aims to help people develop skills and improve their quality of life. Although there isn’t a cure for autism, several treatment options are available. Here are some of them:

Behavioral therapy

This is all about teaching new skills and encouraging positive behavior. A popular method is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). This can help with social skills, communication, and daily activities.

Speech therapy

If someone has trouble communicating, speech therapy can be really helpful. Therapists work on improving language skills, understanding, and expressing thoughts better.

Occupational therapy

It focuses on everyday skills, such as eating, dressing, and managing sensory problems. It helps people become more independent.

Social skills training

This training teaches how to interact with others and understand social cues. It’s great for building friendships!

Medication

No medication treats autism directly. But some medicines can help manage symptoms like anxiety or hyperactivity. It’s important to talk to a doctor to find the right options.

Parent training and support

Parents can benefit from learning about autism. Understanding the condition helps them support their loved ones better.

However, the best treatment for ASD depends on the individual’s needs. 

Autism spectrum disorder treatment abroad

More and more families are looking for ASD treatment abroad because of the specialized care and affordable options available.

Countries like the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, and Turkey have become popular destinations. They offer high-quality medical services, advanced therapies, and international patient support.

Autism spectrum disorder treatment in Turkey

Turkey is a popular place for families seeking effective and affordable autism treatments. Clinics provide Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech therapy, and sensory integration programs.

The medical facilities have advanced technology and skilled specialists. This makes Turkey an appealing choice for families considering treatment abroad.

Exploring treatment options abroad can open doors to new therapies for people with ASD. At Quality Care Global, we’re here to help you connect with the best medical facilities around the world!

Can autism spectrum disorder be cured?

While there isn’t a cure for ASD, early diagnosis and timely intervention can make a huge difference. And many people with ASD can see improvements in social and behavioral skills. Over time, people with ASD are able to live independent and fulfilling lives.

With the right support from family and professionals, people with autism can thrive!