Understanding Restless Legs Syndrome: Causes and Treatment Options Abroad

Sleep Disorders and Solutions14 November, 2024

6 min read

Have you ever felt an overwhelming urge to move your legs, especially when you're trying to relax or fall asleep? If so, you might have Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). This condition causes uncomfortable sensations like tingling, crawling, or aching in the legs, which makes it difficult to rest.

For many, the symptoms are worse at night, disrupting sleep and leaving them feeling frustrated and exhausted. But don't worry—there are ways to manage and ease the discomfort.

Let's explore what RLS is and how you can find relief!

What is restless legs syndrome (RLS)?

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a condition that causes uncomfortable feelings in the legs. These feelings often include tingling, crawling, or aching, which make you feel the need to move your legs for relief.

The symptoms usually get worse in the evening or when you're trying to relax, making it hard to unwind or fall asleep. Moving your legs can help for a while, but the discomfort often comes back when you stop moving.

RLS affects about 7-10% of people in the U.S. and is more common among women. While RLS can begin at any age, it’s more likely to appear in people over 45 and can often get worse with time.

Symptoms of RLS

RLS can manifest through a range of symptoms, varying in intensity and frequency. The hallmark symptoms include:

Uncomfortable sensations such as crawling, itching, throbbing, or pulling
Increased discomfort at rest
Temporary relief from moving or stretching the legs
Twitching or jerking leg movements, especially at night
Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep

Secondary symptoms due to poor sleep quality may include:

Fatigue and daytime sleepiness
Difficulty focusing or remembering things
Mood changes, such as anxiety or depression
Reduced productivity or concentration

In some cases, people may experience periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS), a condition where legs (and sometimes arms) twitch or jerk involuntarily every 15 to 40 seconds during sleep. PLMS affects about 80% of people with RLS, though it is possible to have PLMS without RLS.

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Causes of RLS

The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but research suggests that it may be linked to brain function and genetics. Here’s a look at some key factors connected to RLS:

Genetics: RLS often runs in families, especially when it shows up at a younger age. Certain traits passed down from parents may increase the chances of developing it.
Dopamine levels: The part of the brain that manages movement (called the basal ganglia) relies on dopamine to help control muscles. Low dopamine levels might be a reason for the leg discomfort and the urge to move.
Iron levels: Even if your blood iron seems normal, low iron in the brain has been linked to RLS. Improving iron levels or treating underlying issues causing iron deficiency can sometimes help with symptoms.
Other health conditions: Some medical conditions can make RLS symptoms worse, including:

Anemia or other iron deficiencies
Diabetes
Kidney disease or kidney failure
Nerve damage (known as peripheral neuropathy)
Pregnancy (especially in the last trimester, though symptoms usually go away after delivery)

Certain medications: Some medications, like antihistamines, antidepressants, and anti-nausea drugs, can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms.
Lifestyle triggers: Certain habits and substances can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms, including:

Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine
Stress or emotional strain
Sleep deprivation

Treatment options for RLS

Various treatments are available to manage RLS. Whether you prefer medical treatment, natural remedies, or lifestyle changes, there’s a solution for you.

Let's explore the most common approaches used worldwide:

Medication treatments for RLS

For many people, medications are the first line of defense against RLS. These drugs help adjust brain chemicals or target underlying issues like iron deficiency.

Some of the most commonly prescribed medications include:

Dopaminergic agonists

Dopamine is a brain chemical that helps control movement. In people with RLS, dopamine may not function properly, which is why moving the legs can relieve discomfort.

Dopamine agonists like pramipexole and ropinirole work by copying dopamine’s effects in the brain. These medications are typically taken before bed to prevent discomfort from interfering with sleep.

However, these medications can cause side effects like nausea or dizziness. They may also worsen symptoms if used daily over a long period.

Anticonvulsants

Medications like gabapentin and pregabalin are typically used for seizures, but they can also help calm the nerves in people with RLS. These medications can ease the tingling or crawling sensations in the legs, especially when other treatments haven't worked.

Sleep aids

Since RLS often disrupts sleep, sleep aids like zopiclone or zolpidem might be recommended for short-term use. But remember, they won’t address the underlying cause of RLS.

Opioids

In severe cases of RLS that don’t respond to other treatments, doctors may prescribe opioids like oxycodone or tramadol. However, these are usually a last resort due to the risks involved, such as addiction, dependence, and other side effects.

Over-the-counter medications

For mild symptoms, over-the-counter (OTC) medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can provide temporary relief. These pain relievers are good for easing discomfort during flare-ups but won’t treat the root cause of RLS.

Topical treatments

If you prefer treating the area directly, topical creams with ingredients like menthol or capsaicin can be applied to your legs. These create either a cooling or warming sensation that can help relax the muscles and distract from discomfort.

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Alternative Treatments for RLS

For those seeking non-pharmaceutical approaches to managing RLS symptoms, a variety of alternative treatments can offer relief. While these options aren’t cures, many people find they can help ease symptoms and improve quality of life.

Dietary supplements for RLS

If nutrient deficiencies are contributing to your RLS symptoms, certain supplements may help, such as:

Magnesium: Deficiency of magnesium may also cause RLS, which is why magnesium supplements are often taken. But, does magnesium really help restless legs syndrome? Research suggests that magnesium can help relax the muscles and nerves, which helps reduce the twitching or restlessness that comes with RLS.

Vitamin B6: As per research, along with magnesium, vitamin B6 can support nerve health and help reduce RLS symptoms.

Iron Supplements: Low iron levels in the brain may worsen RLS symptoms. This is why iron supplements may help improve your symptoms if you're iron deficient.

Be sure to discuss with your healthcare provider whether supplementation is necessary for you.

Complementary therapies for RLS

If you’re looking for a more natural approach or perhaps prefer to complement your medication, there are several therapies to manage RLS symptoms.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an ancient practice where fine needles are inserted into specific points on the body. Many people with RLS find that it helps relieve their symptoms by restoring balance and easing discomfort.

Massage therapy

Regular leg massages can improve blood flow, reduce muscle tension, and help you relax. A gentle massage before bed can be particularly helpful in reducing discomfort and making it easier to sleep.

Cold and warm compresses

Another simple and effective approach is using cold or warm compresses. Applying a warm compress to your legs can help relax the muscles, while a cold compress may numb the discomfort.

Lifestyle adjustments for RLS

Changing some lifestyle habits can also help manage RLS symptoms. Here are some tips:

Cut back on alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine in the evening, as they can reduce the chances of worsening RLS.
Keep a regular sleep schedule, wind down with a relaxing routine, and ensure a dark, quiet bedroom for better sleep.
Perform regular, moderate exercise, but intense activity right before bed should be avoided.
Manage stress with techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or meditation.
Identify your triggers. If certain medications or substances are making your symptoms worse, speak with your healthcare provider to adjust your treatment.

How to stop restless legs immediately?

Looking for quick relief from restless legs? Here are some ways to calm your symptoms right away:

Get up and walk around
Stretch your legs gently
Take a warm bath
Apply cold or hot packs
Try massaging your legs
Use a vibrating pad or massage device

Exploring RLS treatment abroad

If you’ve been struggling to find effective relief from Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), seeking treatment abroad could help. Countries like Germany, India, Turkey, and Thailand are renowned for their world-class healthcare facilities and expertise in managing complex conditions like RLS.

Whether you're looking for advanced medication, innovative therapies, or holistic treatments, seeking care internationally can open up new possibilities for better management and quality of life, often at more affordable prices.

At Quality Care Global (QCG), we connect patients with the best medical facilities worldwide, ensuring access to top-notch care for RLS and other health concerns. Take the first step toward lasting relief today!